{"product_id":"glutathione","title":"Glutathione","description":"\u003cstyle\u003e.pp-pdp{--nv:#0d2233;--tl:#3a9ab5;--ink:#1f2937;--mut:#5b6b7a;--ln:#e3e8ee;--sf:#f5f8fa;--gr:#1E9E5A;font-family:Montserrat,-apple-system,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.6;margin:34px 0 0;width:100%;max-width:100%;overflow-x:hidden;background:#fff;text-align:left}.pp-pdp *{box-sizing:border-box}.pp-pdp h2,.pp-pdp h3{color:var(--nv);font-weight:800;line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 14px}.pp-pdp p{color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 14px}.pp-pdp p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.pp-pdp a{color:#0d6c8a}.pp-pdp .pp-in{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}.pp-pdp .pp-kick{color:var(--tl);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2.16px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 12px}.pp-pdp .pp-sec{padding:56px 0}.pp-pdp .pp-alt{background:var(--sf)}.pp-pdp .pp-sec h2{font-size:30px}.pp-pdp .pp-prose p{font-size:15.5px;color:var(--mut)}.pp-pdp .pp-prose p strong{color:var(--nv)}.pp-pdp .pp-wide{max-width:900px}.pp-pdp .pp-g2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr;gap:48px;align-items:start}.pp-pdp .pp-media{position:sticky;top:24px}.pp-pdp .pp-img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border-radius:14px;border:1px solid var(--ln);background:#fff}.pp-pdp .pp-fig{margin:30px 0 0;max-width:900px}.pp-pdp .pp-facts{background:var(--nv);border-top:4px solid var(--tl);padding:28px 0}.pp-pdp .pp-facts .pp-in{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(180px,1fr));gap:22px}.pp-pdp .pp-fi{text-align:center;padding:4px 14px;border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14)}.pp-pdp .pp-fi:first-child{border-left:0}.pp-pdp .pp-fi b{display:block;color:#fff;font-weight:800;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:8px}.pp-pdp .pp-fi .pp-v1{font-size:27px}.pp-pdp .pp-fi .pp-v2{font-size:17px}.pp-pdp .pp-fi .pp-v3{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.45}.pp-pdp .pp-fi span{display:block;color:var(--tl);font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700}.pp-pdp .pp-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr));gap:20px}.pp-pdp .pp-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--ln);border-radius:12px;padding:24px;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(13,34,51,.05)}.pp-pdp .pp-card .pp-num{display:block;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;font-weight:800;color:var(--tl);margin-bottom:10px}.pp-pdp .pp-card p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--mut);margin:0}.pp-pdp .pp-faq{max-width:880px}.pp-pdp .pp-ac{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--ln);border-radius:10px;margin-bottom:12px;overflow:hidden}.pp-pdp .pp-ac summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;padding:18px 54px 18px 22px;position:relative;font-weight:700;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--nv)}.pp-pdp .pp-ac summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.pp-pdp .pp-ac summary:after{content:\"\";position:absolute;right:24px;top:50%;width:9px;height:9px;border-right:2px solid var(--tl);border-bottom:2px solid var(--tl);transform:translateY(-70%) rotate(45deg);transition:transform .18s}.pp-pdp .pp-ac[open] summary:after{transform:translateY(-20%) rotate(-135deg)}.pp-pdp .pp-ac summary:hover{background:var(--sf)}.pp-pdp .pp-ac .pp-ab{padding:0 22px 20px;color:var(--mut);font-size:15px}.pp-pdp .pp-ac .pp-ab p{color:var(--mut);font-size:15px}.pp-pdp .pp-links{background:#fff;border-top:1px solid var(--ln);padding:34px 0 44px}.pp-pdp .pp-chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}.pp-pdp .pp-chip{display:inline-block;padding:10px 16px;border:1px solid var(--ln);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:var(--nv)!important;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;line-height:1.3}.pp-pdp .pp-chip:hover{border-color:var(--tl)}.pp-pdp .pp-chip-lead{background:var(--nv);color:#fff!important;border-color:var(--nv)}.pp-pdp .pp-chip-alt{background:var(--sf)} @media(max-width:900px){.pp-pdp .pp-g2{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.pp-pdp .pp-media{position:static}.pp-pdp .pp-sec{padding:40px 0}.pp-pdp .pp-sec h2{font-size:24px}.pp-pdp .pp-in{padding:0 18px}.pp-pdp .pp-facts .pp-in{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:18px}.pp-pdp .pp-fi{border-left:0;text-align:left;padding:0}.pp-pdp .pp-fi .pp-v1{font-size:22px}.pp-pdp .pp-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr} } @media(max-width:520px){.pp-pdp .pp-facts .pp-in{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.pp-pdp .pp-ov{border-left:4px solid var(--tl);background:var(--sf);border-radius:0 12px 12px 0;padding:26px 28px;max-width:900px}.pp-pdp .pp-ov p{font-size:16px;color:var(--ink)}.pp-pdp .pp-tldr{list-style:none;margin:18px 0 0;padding:16px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--ln)}.pp-pdp .pp-tldr li{display:flex;gap:14px;padding:6px 0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--mut)}.pp-pdp .pp-tldr b{color:var(--nv);flex:0 0 148px}.pp-pdp .pp-card h3{font-size:15.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:var(--nv);line-height:1.3}.pp-pdp .pp-more{margin-top:24px;max-width:900px}.pp-pdp .pp-more .pp-ab p{margin-bottom:12px}.pp-pdp .pp-dose{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 16px}.pp-pdp .pp-dose th,.pp-pdp .pp-dose td{text-align:left;padding:11px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ln);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--mut)}.pp-pdp .pp-dose th{background:var(--nv);color:#fff;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700}.pp-pdp .pp-dose td:first-child{font-weight:700;color:var(--nv);white-space:nowrap}.pp-pdp .pp-step{counter-reset:s;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0 0 18px}.pp-pdp .pp-step li{position:relative;padding:0 0 11px 34px;font-size:15px;color:var(--mut)}.pp-pdp .pp-step li:before{counter-increment:s;content:counter(s);position:absolute;left:0;top:1px;width:22px;height:22px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--tl);color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.pp-pdp .pp-warn{background:#fff6e5;border-left:4px solid #e0a33a;padding:13px 18px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 16px}.pp-pdp .pp-warn p{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:14.5px}.pp-pdp .pp-warn p:last-child{margin:0}.pp-pdp .pp-vbox{border:1px solid var(--ln);border-radius:12px;padding:26px;margin:0 0 22px;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(13,34,51,.05)}.pp-pdp .pp-vbox h3{font-size:18px;margin:0 0 18px;padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:2px solid var(--tl)}.pp-pdp .pp-vbox p{font-size:15px}.pp-pdp .pp-sub{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:800;color:var(--tl);margin:0 0 10px}.pp-pdp .pp-cta{display:inline-block;background:var(--gr);color:#fff!important;font-weight:800;font-size:15px;padding:15px 32px;border-radius:6px;text-decoration:none;margin-top:8px}.pp-pdp .pp-cta:hover{filter:brightness(1.08)}@media(max-width:900px){.pp-pdp .pp-tldr li{display:block}.pp-pdp .pp-tldr b{display:block;margin-bottom:2px}.pp-pdp .pp-vbox{padding:20px}.pp-pdp .pp-ov{padding:22px}}\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-pdp\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-facts\" id=\"specs\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-fi\"\u003e\n\u003cb class=\"pp-v3\"\u003eAntioxidant defence and skin brightness\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhat it is used for\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-fi\"\u003e\n\u003cb class=\"pp-v2\"\u003e600mg, 2–3x weekly\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTypical dose\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-fi\"\u003e\n\u003cb class=\"pp-v2\"\u003eapprox 8 days per vial\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOne vial lasts\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-fi\"\u003e\n\u003cb class=\"pp-v2\"\u003eIndependently HPLC tested\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEvery batch\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-sec\" id=\"overview\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIn plain English\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ov pp-prose\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlutathione is your body's main internal antioxidant — a three-amino-acid molecule your liver produces in large amounts and uses to neutralise damage and clear toxins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is used for antioxidant support, liver load, general recovery, and — the reason most people buy it — skin brightening and evenness of tone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"pp-tldr\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eWhat it is\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe body's principal internal antioxidant, a tripeptide\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMainly used for\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAntioxidant support, detoxification load, skin brightness and tone\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eTypical protocol\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e600mg per session, 2–3 times per week, 4–8 weeks\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-sec pp-alt\" id=\"how\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-g2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-prose\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eHow it works\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat it actually does\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlutathione neutralises damaging molecules by sacrificing part of itself, then gets recycled back to its active form. That cycle is running constantly in every cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is also the body's main handle for grabbing toxins and drug by-products so they can be excreted — most of the liver's clearance work goes through it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe skin effect comes from a separate action: it interferes with the enzyme that produces dark pigment and shifts pigment production toward the lighter type.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-media\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"pp-img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0984\/2422\/6090\/files\/purist-glutathione.png?v=1785967535\" alt=\"Glutathione molecular structure and mechanism of action diagram\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1200\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac pp-more\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eThe science in detail\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe structural detail that governs glutathione's biology is the gamma linkage. The bond to cysteine forms from the side-chain gamma-carboxyl of glutamate rather than its alpha-carboxyl, and conventional aminopeptidases cannot recognise it. The only enzyme that cleaves it is gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, on the external face of the plasma membrane. Intracellular glutathione is therefore protected from proteolysis, while extracellular glutathione must be dismantled to its constituent amino acids and reassembled inside the cell — the gamma-glutamyl cycle described by Meister and Anderson (Annu Rev Biochem, 1983). Hence millimolar cytosolic concentrations against low micromolar in plasma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSynthesis proceeds in two ATP-dependent steps. Glutamate-cysteine ligase, a heterodimer of catalytic and modifier subunits, forms the gamma-glutamylcysteine bond; glutathione synthetase then adds glycine. The first step is rate-limiting and feedback-inhibited by glutathione itself, with cysteine availability the usual substrate constraint. Transcription of both ligase subunits is under NRF2 control through antioxidant response elements, coupling glutathione capacity to oxidative and electrophilic stress (Lu, Biochim Biophys Acta, 2013).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunctionally the molecule works through its cysteine thiol. Glutathione peroxidases use it to reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides, generating the disulfide GSSG, which glutathione reductase reduces again at the cost of NADPH — a direct dependency on pentose phosphate pathway flux. Glutathione S-transferases conjugate it to electrophilic xenobiotics, initiating the mercapturic acid excretion pathway. Reversible S-glutathionylation of protein cysteines acts as a redox post-translational modification, reversed by glutaredoxins. Glutathione also recycles ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol and is the principal intracellular reservoir of cysteine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIts relevance to pigment research runs through a separate route: glutathione inhibits tyrosinase, partly by coordinating the copper ions at the enzyme's active site, and its thiol reacts with dopaquinone to divert melanogenesis from eumelanin toward pheomelanin. Arjinpathana and Asawanonda (J Dermatolog Treat, 2012) examined oral glutathione against placebo in a randomised, double-blind trial measuring melanin index. Adjacent compounds differ: N-acetylcysteine is a cysteine precursor acting upstream of synthesis, and GSSG is the oxidised dimer rather than the active thiol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-sec\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eEvidence\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat the research shows\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-cards\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-card\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pp-num\"\u003e01\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch3\u003eYour cells hold a thousand times more than your blood\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcentrations are millimolar inside cells versus low micromolar in plasma — supply is an intracellular problem.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-card\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pp-num\"\u003e02\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch3\u003eRecycled, not used up once\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is continuously restored to its active form after neutralising damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-card\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pp-num\"\u003e03\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch3\u003eProduction is self-limiting\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rate-limiting enzyme is switched off by glutathione itself, so the body caps its own output.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-card\"\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pp-num\"\u003e04\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch3\u003eShifts pigment production\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt inhibits tyrosinase and diverts melanin synthesis toward the lighter pigment type — the basis of the skin-brightening use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-sec pp-alt\" id=\"prep\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eMixing \u0026amp; dosage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to mix and dose it\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-prose pp-wide\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are the mixing and dosage instructions supplied by Purist Peptides and the manufacturer for this product.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA 3ml vial of bacteriostatic water is included free with every peptide vial you order\u003c\/strong\u003e, so you have what you need to mix this on arrival.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-vbox\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlutathione 1500mg\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-sub\"\u003eStep 1 — mix your vial\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col class=\"pp-step\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDraw up 5ml of bacteriostatic water into a syringe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWipe the rubber top of your vial with an alcohol swab and let it dry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the needle then slowly and carefully push the water down the inside wall of the vial — do not inject water straight onto the peptide powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGently roll the vial between your palms until the powder dissolves completely\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not shake\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow to settle in the fridge for 5–10 minutes. The liquid should look clear\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-sub\"\u003eStep 2 — draw \u0026amp; inject your dose\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse a 1ml insulin syringe to draw and inject your dose. A 1ml syringe = 100 units.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWith 5ml of water added, each 1ml (100 units) you draw = 300mg of Glutathione.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"pp-dose\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStage\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eDose\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eOn the syringe\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStarting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e300mg per session, 2 to 3 times per week\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100 units (1ml)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStandard\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e600mg per session, 2 to 3 times per week\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100 units x 2 injections (2ml total)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVial duration at standard dose (3x weekly at 600mg): approx 8 days\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-warn\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the 600mg dose, split across 2 separate 1ml injections and rotate sites.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen to inject:\u003c\/strong\u003e Any consistent time of day. Rotate injection sites with each dose.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCycle length:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4 to 8 weeks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-sub\"\u003eHow to inject\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col class=\"pp-step\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWipe your injection site with an alcohol swab and let it dry\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePinch a small fold of skin on your abdomen, thigh, or upper arm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert the needle at a 45-degree angle into the pinched skin\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSlowly push the plunger down until empty\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePull the needle out and apply gentle pressure with the swab\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDispose of the needle safely in a sharps container — never recap or reuse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-sub\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKeep refrigerated at 2 to 6 degrees Celsius at all times after mixing. Do not freeze. Protect from light and label the vial with the date you reconstituted it. Discard any solution that is hazy, discoloured or contains particles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor informational purposes only. This is not medical advice. Speak to a qualified healthcare professional before starting any compound.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cfigure class=\"pp-fig\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"pp-img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0984\/2422\/6090\/files\/purist-reconstitution-steps-v2.png?v=1786504935\" alt=\"Four-step peptide reconstitution guide: bring the vial to room temperature, add bacteriostatic water down the vial wall, roll gently without shaking, and store refrigerated at 2 to 6 degrees Celsius without freezing\" width=\"1400\" height=\"900\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"\u003e\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-top:26px\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-cta\" href=\"#specs\" onclick=\"window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'});return false;\"\u003eReady to order — back to the top\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-sec pp-alt\" id=\"faq\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eQuestions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-faq\"\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eWhat does the gamma linkage actually change?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt makes the molecule resistant to ordinary peptidases. Only gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an ectoenzyme on the cell surface, can break it. That single structural feature explains why intracellular glutathione persists at millimolar concentrations while circulating glutathione is rapidly dismantled.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eHow does glutathione differ from N-acetylcysteine?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNAC is a precursor, not a substitute. It supplies cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for glutamate-cysteine ligase, and acts upstream of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione is the finished tripeptide and the direct cofactor for peroxidase, transferase and glutaredoxin systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eWhat is the difference between GSH and GSSG?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGSH is the reduced form with a free cysteine thiol — the biologically active species. GSSG is the oxidised dimer, two glutathione molecules joined by a disulfide bond. The ratio between them is a standard readout of intracellular redox state, and glutathione reductase converts GSSG back to GSH using NADPH.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eWhat is it studied for?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearch contexts include cellular redox buffering, phase II xenobiotic conjugation, protein S-glutathionylation as a signalling modification, hepatic oxidative stress models, and melanogenesis, where it inhibits tyrosinase and shifts melanin composition.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eHow is purity verified?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery batch is assayed by Bioindustrial Services in Boksburg, an independent biotechnology laboratory, using HPLC. We do not self-certify. The signed certificate of analysis for each batch — lab number, method and assayed result — is published on our \u003ca href=\"\/pages\/quality-standards\"\u003equality standards page\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eHow long does delivery take?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOrders are dispatched from the Netherlands with tracked courier delivery — 1–3 business days within the Netherlands, 2–5 business days to the rest of the EU. Full timelines are set out on our \u003ca href=\"\/pages\/delivery-process\"\u003edelivery process page\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"pp-ac\"\u003e\u003csummary\u003eWhat is the returns policy?\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-ab\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnopened vials in original condition may be returned within the stated window; full terms are in our \u003ca href=\"\/pages\/return-refund-policy\"\u003erefund policy\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pp-links\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"pp-in\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"pp-kick\"\u003eExplore\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pp-chips\"\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"pp-chip pp-chip-lead\" href=\"\/collections\/skin-peptides\"\u003eAlso in Skin, Collagen \u0026amp; Cellular Renewal\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-chip\" href=\"\/products\/ghk-cu\"\u003eGHK-Cu\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-chip\" href=\"\/products\/glow\"\u003eGLOW\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-chip\" href=\"\/products\/nad\"\u003eNAD+\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-chip pp-chip-alt\" href=\"\/pages\/peptide-stacks\"\u003eSkin \u0026amp; Anti-Ageing Stack\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"pp-chip pp-chip-alt\" href=\"\/pages\/peptide-stacks\"\u003eSkin Recovery Stack\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cscript type=\"application\/ld+json\"\u003e{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What does the gamma linkage actually change?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It makes the molecule resistant to ordinary peptidases. Only gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, an ectoenzyme on the cell surface, can break it. That single structural feature explains why intracellular glutathione persists at millimolar concentrations while circulating glutathione is rapidly dismantled.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does glutathione differ from N-acetylcysteine?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"NAC is a precursor, not a substitute. It supplies cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for glutamate-cysteine ligase, and acts upstream of glutathione synthesis. Glutathione is the finished tripeptide and the direct cofactor for peroxidase, transferase and glutaredoxin systems.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between GSH and GSSG?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"GSH is the reduced form with a free cysteine thiol — the biologically active species. GSSG is the oxidised dimer, two glutathione molecules joined by a disulfide bond. The ratio between them is a standard readout of intracellular redox state, and glutathione reductase converts GSSG back to GSH using NADPH.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is it studied for?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Research contexts include cellular redox buffering, phase II xenobiotic conjugation, protein S-glutathionylation as a signalling modification, hepatic oxidative stress models, and melanogenesis, where it inhibits tyrosinase and shifts melanin composition.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How is purity verified?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Every batch is assayed by Bioindustrial Services in Boksburg, an independent biotechnology laboratory, using HPLC. We do not self-certify. The signed certificate of analysis for each batch — lab number, method and assayed result — is published on our quality standards page at \/pages\/quality-standards.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How long does delivery take?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Orders are dispatched from the Netherlands with tracked courier delivery — 1–3 business days within the Netherlands, 2–5 business days to the rest of the EU. Full timelines are set out on our delivery process page at \/pages\/delivery-process.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the returns policy?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Unopened vials in original condition may be returned within the stated window; full terms are in our refund policy at \/pages\/return-refund-policy.\"}}]}\u003c\/script\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49172134002911,"sku":null,"price":1500.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0808\/8787\/3759\/files\/Glutathione_1.png?v=1778674599","url":"https:\/\/puristpeptides.nl\/products\/glutathione","provider":"Purist Peptides NL","version":"1.0","type":"link"}